Winter is coming, which means the onset of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is looming for many. Also known as seasonal depression, SAD is a form of depression that’s related to changes in the seasons. It starts and ends at about the same time each year. For most people, it begins in the late fall and ends when the sunny weather returns in spring/summer. Those who suffer from SAD may experience loss of energy, persistent sadness, trouble sleeping, and loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.

What Causes SAD?

While there is no clear cause of SAD, experts believe it is caused by the lack of sunlight. The lack of sunlight can disrupt your biological clock which controls your circadian rhythms and cause a drop in your serotonin levels, the brain chemical that affects mood. It also can impact your melatonin levels, a hormone that helps regulate your mood and sleep patterns. These factors can result in feelings of depression.

Treatment Options

Though SAD is a seasonal disorder, it shouldn’t be dismissed as just the “winter blues.” There are several options for treating SAD, including psychotherapy and light box treatment. According to Stuart MacFarlane, a Jungian analyst and psychotherapist, psychotherapy for SAD patients usually lasts just up to 16 weeks and can help patients learn how to manage their symptoms and prevent future episodes.  Another common treatment is light box treatment, which involves using a light box as a substitute for natural sunlight for half an hour in the morning to elevate your mood. If symptoms persist despite these treatments, then you may want to talk to your doctor about medication.